AnthonyB

If the correct outdoor rated cable is used e.g. FP400 or armoured it shouldn't need further protection

If it's just water & soil pipework and is fire stopped where required (e..g between floors) then it can be argued they don't need the same protection as the electrical cupboard.

It's not an ideal set up and your point is very accurate, but without seeing the premises and their risk assessment it's difficult to say it's 100% wrong although it's possible.

Linked balconies split by kick panels or doors are very 'old school' means of escape popular in large estates built in the 1960's. Current fire safety guidance addresses the situation this way "The provision of alternative exits via linking balconies, pass-doors between adjoining flats and break-out panels within the flat has featured in previous guidance and can be found in many existing blocks of flats. However, these arrangements are no longer recommended. Escape via linking balconies, or pass doors between neighbouring flats, was a commonly accepted alternative escape arrangement under previous benchmark standards and can be found in many existing blocks of flats. However, these arrangements are no longer recommended for the design of new flats. In most of these situations, the linking balcony, and pass doors, were shared by the residents of two adjoining flats. In some other situations, more than two flats shared the linking balcony but, in all cases, there was a need to gain access into a neighbour’s flat to reach an alternative exit route. The difficulties of ensuring access into, and exit from, an adjoining flat to reach an alternative exit are obvious and cannot be relied on with any degree of certainty to be available at all times. Despite the above, in many existing flats, the provision of other, more suitable alternative exit routes, such as common balconies or stairways, will be impractical to achieve. In these situations, either one of the other two approaches (limited travel distance or protected entrance hallway) should be adopted, or compensatory measures will need to be considered. The latter include: • pass doors between internal rooms to access a protected exit route • additional automatic detection to a Category LD2 [hallway, kitchen, principle habitable room] or even LD1 standard [all rooms in the flat other than toilets/bathrooms] • a sprinkler, or other suitable fixed automatic suppression, system. However, there may be circumstances where, even with these additional measures, the access to the linking balcony or the pass doors might still be retained for use as a last resort.

Compartmentation survey by a specialist company - although some would be obvious and easy to check if the assessor actually tried to look.

Insurance is nothing to do with legal compliance, which often sets a lower bar. An insurer needs to protect their premiums received from claims so as to stay in business and make a profit. As such insurers will set higher requirements in order to prevent, contain and supress fire - which will include suppression systems in kitchens. As they are the ones taking the risk they are entitled to set whatever criteria they wish regardless of minimum legal requirements (which don't require them as a matter of course). The UK is notorious for low standards in many fire safety areas - if you were in the US all your clients cooking food would have had to have had suppression systems to meet the minimum legal requirements there for over half a century. There are multiple manufacturers of suppressions systems in a variety of designs for different sized kitchens - they should shop around rather than just be quoted for 'Ansul' systems, which are the most well known.

https://www.thefpa.co.uk/training/passive-fire-protection-training/understanding-fire-doors

You really need a copy of BS7273-4 or an industry guide to it - too much to post here!

It isn't contradictory and full complies with BS5499-4 Code of practice for escape route signing

Could the fire spread from the cupboard into the building and thus be a risk to people? If so no storage. If not then it's bad practice, may upset your insurers and could lead to further damage in the event of a fire but could arguably not be a breach of legislation. It's still preferable to keep it clear though.

As you have found out. If your procedure for ensuring doors are unlocked from the out of hours fastenings falls short you will be breaking the legislation, whilst it works you are fine.

1. Would the lock fail to safe and release the door if the cable is burnt through or otherwise affected by heat? If so, it doesn't have to fire resistant 2. No, this is the old method from the last century and is deprecated 3. You should have a copy of BS5839-1:2017 & BS 7273-4:2015+A1:2021 if doing this sort of work, these are the standards professionals should work to and are judged against in court - these would answer all your questions.

No. Calculations for horizontal evacuation are separate from those for vertical. Stage 1- assess escape from the room Stage 2- assess escape from the floor Stage 3- assess escape from the building All seperate

That's still a property dispute, the lease should determine the boundaries, and go from there.

Yes, but it must be the correct type for the premises. BS EN 14604: 2005 & BS 5446-2 smoke and heat alarms for a BS5839-6 alarm system for dwellings only EN54 smoke & heat detectors, call points, sounders and control panels for a BS5839-1 system for buildings other than dwellings.

Where the evacuation of a disabled person may slow evacuation such as to case a log jam, pushing, crushing, trips, etc it is accepted practice to refuge them in a temporary waiting space until the escape route is clear. This is however only usually applicable to buildings with stairs, not single storey halls. Fire safety in premises outside dwellings is dealt with by Business Fire Safety/Protection units within the fire service, any Community Fire Safety department isn't trained in this area hence not being able to instantly reply to you. Here is the current guidance: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-risk-assessment-means-of-escape-for-disabled-people

No, your tenancy and the deeds to the property will determine ownership & control. Not a fire safety matter.

Assuming in England or Wales: Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 Fire Safety Act 2021 Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022 A fire risk assessment will be required for the common areas (including flat front doors and the external structure of the building) which will determine the general fire precautions required and point towards the appropriate evacuation policy. Specified fire safety information & procedures will have to be provided to residents. Depending on the height of the building various other explicit statutory requirements apply. Conversions can be tricky to correctly risk assess so care should be taken in choosing a risk assessor. Any flat that is rented out has it's own obligations for the landlord under the Housing Act and Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm (England) Regulations.

You could argue if the cupboard has a fire door fitted this protects the escape route from the electric meters and boxing in as well is unnecessary duplication. The boxing in is usually reserved for meters on corridors/hallways that aren't in a room.

Modric is a brand used by Allgood for their products in certain markets such as North America. The 9156A is OK for fire door use as detailed here: https://www.allgood.co.uk/product/9156a-allgood-hardware-swing-free-overhead-door-closer/

Yes they are. They date back to early forms of modern fire safety and building regulations, which when applied to existing buildings would require an additional escape route. Some buildings had the footprint to add external steel escapes - others in city centres terraced with adjoining buildings couldn't and so escapes across roofs and through party walls became a common solution. As these are escapes into adjoining fire compartments they comply (although if you were building the terrace of buildings today you wouldn't usually be permitted to do this) but you do then fall into civil law regarding right of access. Without an agreement in the form of an easement, deed of variation, means of escape license or similar one party can lawfully remove right of access and potentially physically remove it too. Even where such an arrangement exists they sometimes expire on change of owner (which one client fell victim to resulting in selling up rather than doing the work to provide new alternatives). If you get a decent fire risk assessor (not a tick box champion) they can measure travel distances, exit and stair widths, take occupancy figures and determine if you actually need these adjoining escapes anymore - sometimes I've been able to justify removal without the need to add new stair cores or anything dramatic. Note that in other cases this hasn't been possible without major works if at all so it isn't a given.

It's now BS7177:2008+A1:2011 BS 7177:2008 was a full revision of the standard, and introduced references to mattress pads and changes arising from revisions to related standards. References to legislation were also updated. The principal changes introduced by Amendment A1 are to the wording of the fabric specifications in Annexes A, B and C. These changes are to make the fabric specification identical to that stated in the Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 2010 [3a]. The technical specification of the fabric, and the results of any ignitability tests in which the fabric is used, are not affected by the changes.

Not needed to be a fire door unless they have to pass directly past the door as their only means of escape.

No. Whilst in similar fields Health & Safety and Fire Safety are different and the syllabus of most H&S courses (including IOSH Managing Safely) would not be suffcient for them to understand their duties under fire safety legislation. This is a better starter course https://iosh.com/employees/awareness-courses/fire-safety-for-managers/

Domestic smoke detectors are not suitable for non domestic premises (other than some very limited situations in very small premises). The legal minimum standard of alarm is a manual alarm upon a person discovering a fire. In the smallest premises this can be the human voice, but where this cannot be immediately and clearly heard throughout the building an electrical system of manual call points and alarm sounders off a central panel is required. If required by layout and risk you would then layer categories of detector coverage (part of the main system, not separate) in addition as required. Your fire risk assessment will determine what you need - official guidance is here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/making-your-premises-safe-from-fire https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-risk-assessment-offices-and-shops